They were most apparent - again - in Southern Italy.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the great problem of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was the so-called robbery. brigants .

One of them, Ciro Annunchiarico , organized in late 1816 and 1817, the confederation of brigants strength 20.000 people. Its kind of a political superstructure was Anticlerical  Jupiter Lodge, also known as Decisions (Decisi) firm and the Order of the Assembly of Patriots of the reformed European Union (patrioti Europei).

Daraul described their action as follows: "Certain parts of the country was under their full control. In other places, wanders through the countryside along the lines of partisan (...). In the more densely populated areas  hired killers undercover and waiting for the moment to sink their knives in the chest of people passed in death by a confederation of secret societies ... "

Annunchiarico organization did not survive long, routed by the royal army

(not without significance was the fact that some leaders brigant such as Gaetano Vardarelli cooperated with the king!).

_MAFIA_

Proved to be more permanent, semi-criminal organization Sicilian: the mafia, according to some researchers, who performs a function skrytobójczych militia in the service of absolutism. Probably it was created by the field guards, who on behalf of the barons of the Palermo peasants and supervised the imposition of these tributes. "Onorata società" (Ladies Association), because that is the official name of the Mafia, comprised widely branched network of local groups (such as "Mano fraterna" in Agrigento, "Fratellanza in Favarze," Biritti "in Cattolica Eraclea," Fontana Nuova in Misilmeri), operating mainly in rural areas. In the late nineteenth century, the role of the mafia is growing, because in a democracy, it obtains a greater impact on the state apparatus. Mafia, among others. infiltrates, and then - apparently - pacyfikuje Sicilian "fascia dei lavoratori" (provoking riots in 1893) also became renowned in the murder of the Marquis Notarbolo on February 1, 1893 .

_CAMORRA_

The most complicated is the casus Neapolitan Camorra - perhaps the only time a criminal organization operating in the city. It bore the official name of the Association of Fine and reformed from the September 12, 1842 had its own statutes. Camorra basically shunned from politics, it proclaimed the national anthem "We're not karbonariuszami, we are not royalists, we are kamorystami - we can handle with both." Which is the base organization of the urban poor of Naples, however, sympathized with the House burbon'ska; rather than with the liberal bourgeoisie, so it's no wonder that steel kamorrys'ci reportedly headed antyjakobin'skiej revolt "lazzaroni" (beggars) in Naples in 1799, since accession to the throne in 1825, Francis And the police openly cooperated with Camorra (chief of police had even taken part in meetings of the Association!). After 1848, however, the organization has an ally in the Liberal opposition - an alliance that makes it at the time of Garibaldi's revolution in 1860 kamorrys'ci created in Naples ... police!

Finally, we are dealing with the manifestations of "state of international terrorism" - this kind of act was such kidnapping in the territory of Baden, and shot by the French secret service Comte d'Enghien, in March 1809 .